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---
name: test-driven-development
description: Enforce test-first development for features and bug fixes — no production
code before a failing test
description: Apply red-green-refactor by default for code changes, with narrowly defined exceptions and explicit alternate verification
permalink: opencode-config/skills/test-driven-development/skill
---
# Test-Driven Development (TDD)
# Test-Driven Development
## When to Use
Use this skill for all code changes unless a narrow exception applies.
Use this skill when implementing behavior changes:
- New features
- Bug fixes
- Refactors that alter behavior
## Default Cycle
If the work introduces or changes production behavior, TDD applies.
1. Red: add or identify a test that fails for the target behavior.
2. Green: implement the minimal code change to make the test pass.
3. Refactor: improve structure while keeping tests green.
4. Re-run focused and relevant regression tests.
## Core Rule
## Narrow Exceptions
```
NO PRODUCTION CODE WITHOUT A FAILING TEST FIRST
```
Allowed exceptions only:
If production code was written first, delete or revert it and restart from a failing test.
- docs-only changes
- config-only changes
- pure refactors with provably unchanged behavior
- repos without a reliable automated test harness
## Red → Green → Refactor Loop
When using an exception, state:
### 1) RED: Write one failing test
- Write one small test that expresses the next expected behavior.
- Prefer clear test names describing observable behavior.
- Use real behavior paths where practical; mock only when isolation is required.
- why TDD was not practical
- what alternative verification was used
### 2) Verify RED (mandatory)
Run the new test and confirm:
- It fails (not just errors)
- It fails for the expected reason
- It fails because behavior is missing, not because the test is broken
## Role Expectations
If it passes immediately, the test is not proving the new behavior. Fix the test first.
### 3) GREEN: Add minimal production code
- Implement only enough code to make the failing test pass.
- Do not add extra features, abstractions, or speculative options.
### 4) Verify GREEN (mandatory)
Run the test suite scope needed for confidence:
- New test passes
- Related tests still pass
If failures appear, fix production code first unless requirements changed.
### 5) REFACTOR
- Improve names, remove duplication, and simplify structure.
- Keep behavior unchanged.
- Keep tests green throughout.
Repeat for the next behavior.
## Quality Checks Before Completion
- [ ] Each behavior change has a test that failed before implementation
- [ ] New tests failed for the expected reason first
- [ ] Production code was added only after RED was observed
- [ ] Tests now pass cleanly
- [ ] Edge cases for changed behavior are covered
## Practical Guardrails
- "I'll write tests after" is not TDD.
- Manual verification does not replace automated failing-then-passing tests.
- If a test is hard to write, treat it as design feedback and simplify interfaces.
- Keep test intent focused on behavior, not internals.
## Related Reference
For common mistakes around mocks and test design, see [testing-anti-patterns](./testing-anti-patterns.md).
- Planner: specify tasks and verification that preserve red-green-refactor intent.
- Builder/Coder: follow TDD during implementation or explicitly invoke a valid exception.
- Tester/Reviewer: verify that TDD evidence (or justified exception) is present.